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The authors reported low efficacy with only one patient responding. Severe toxicity was non-negligible and two early mortalities occurred (26). Afterwards, it was demonstrated that weekly paclitaxel shows improved tolerance and is less toxic compared with the standard 3-weekly schedule, and therefore may provide a good second-line palliative option (27,28). Verteporfin order It is noteworthy to mention that weekly administration schedules of paclitaxel are also proven to be effective and well-tolerated in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer and other solid tumor types (29,30). The first study, which assessed the efficacy and toxicity of this schedule in patients with advanced urothelial cancer progressing following first-line therapy revealed a modest overall response this website rate, however a good safety profile (14). Results from a French multicenter, Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs Uro-G��nitales, phase II trial confirmed the limited objective overall response rate (31). However, the authors demonstrated disease control and clinical benefits in 47 and 24% of cases, respectively. In the present study, the efficacy of second-line paclitaxel as a single agent following first-line cisplatin-based combination regimens was also demonstrated. The disease control rate, median time to progression and median time to mortality were comparable to the previous two studies (14,31). The limited overall response rate observed with paclitaxel may be partially explained by the development of resistance involving a multidrug resistance phenotype (32). The treatment was also well-tolerated with Itraconazole therefore a higher N/l ratio, exhibited worse disease outcome, probably due to a poorer lymphocyte-mediated immune response to malignancy (33). The identical observation was reported for several other malignancies, including gastric cancer (34), hepatic cancer (35) and non-small cell lung cancer (36). Gondo et al (37) were the first to report that the pre-treatment N/l ratio is an independent prognostic factor for the survival of patients with bladder cancer, treated with radical cystectomy (37). To the best of our knowledge, no study has demonstrated the predictive value of this ratio at the initiation of paclitaxel for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. In the present study, this ratio was not statistically correlated with the OS of these patients.