What You Ought To Know About Olaparib And Reasons Why
In the modern literature, empirical articles were emphasized with major findings summarized. A small number of articles not published in the journal were cited to make specific points pertaining to but not fully addressed by work published in the journal. Results Psychosocial research Chronic drinking as a defensive symptom. Lisansky (1960) asserted, ��a basic question that must be posed before considering the problem of personality variables involved in alcoholism is whether alcoholism is a diagnostic entity in and of itself or only a syndrome or symptom�� (p. 314). In this regard, selleck inhibitor Strecker (1941) reflected the prevailing psychoanalytic view on alcoholism of his day in saying that ��true chronic alcoholism is a psychoneurosis, defensive in character, with the object of shutting out reality inimical to emotional immaturity��a mechanism which appears to be a logical aftermath of the stunting in childhood of the emotional growth�� (p. 14). This view seems Olaparib cost to imply that treating alcoholism directly would be clinically misguided because it is understood to be a mere symptom of a primary psychiatric/psychological condition. However, Tiebout (1951) criticizes the prevailing sentiment that ��anyone who stops to study a symptom is thought to be therapeutically na?ve and in need of some instruction about first principals�� (p. 53). While not disputing that chronic drinking leading to alcoholism could start as a defensive symptom, Tiebout (1951) argued that psychiatrists are mistaken when they conclude, ��The drinking is merely a sign of depression, of withdrawal or of some neurotic complication�� (p. 53). Instead, bepotastine he noted that regardless of the initial causes, chronic drinking ��finally assumes disease significance and we then treat it as an independent illness�� (p. 54). Ten years earlier, Strecker (1941) also concluded that treating the patient��s primary underlying psychological disorder ��is impossible so long as he uses alcohol�� (p. 14). Notably, the disease versus symptom question raised by Lisansky above, and still with us today, has diminishing practical importance if both conditions require specific treatment regardless. The pharmacobehavioral tension-reduction theory (PB-TRT). While the empirical search for a particular psychoanalytic personality disturbance (e.g., ��latent homosexuality��) that predisposes one toward alcoholism consistently failed (e.g., Bowman and Jellinek, 1941b), the idea that pathological drinking was used as a buffer against distressing psychological feelings continued to thrive. For example, Ullman (1952) suggested that chronic drinking can be ��a tension-reducing activity with the source of tension lying in the ordinary problems of human beings�� (p. 603). By evoking Thorndike��s ��law of effect,�� Ullman argued that when drinking relieves distress (even when that distress is caused by ��ordinary�� problems), it would be reinforced and thereby escalate, potentially to the level of an independent disorder.
