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1B). Data were fitted to the Huxley (1957) model with the following equation: Data are presented as means ��s.d. Data were checked for normality using the Shapiro�CWilk test and were normally distributed. Student's paired t tests were used to test for differences between variables at pCa 4.5 compared with pCa 5.6 (P LEE011 supplier loads for one fibre at pCa 4.5 and 5.6 are shown in Fig. 3, and it is evident that for a given relative load the velocity of shortening was slower at the lower calcium concentration. Differentiating the length signal showed that the velocity of shortening was constant after 50 ms from the start of the movement in both high- and low-calcium solutions. The full force�Cvelocity relationships of two fibres are shown in Fig. 4, and the contractile properties for all Selleckchem SAR405838 fibres are given in Table 1. In Fig. 4A and C, the decreased isometric force and maximal velocity of unloaded shortening (Vmax) with the lower activating calcium are clearly seen. What is not so evident in Fig. 4A and C is that there was also a change Resiquimod in curvature, but this can be seen when the fitted force�Cvelocity curves are normalized to isometric force and Vmax, as in Fig. 4B and D, with the curve determined at the lower calcium concentration being less concave. On average, maximal power declined from 4.82 �� 1.33 to 2.71 �� 0.96 W l?1 as a consequence of the decrease in Po (22%) and Vmax by 44%. However, a/Po, the measure of curvature, increased by 47% (Table 1), which offset some of the changes in power due to the decreases in Po and Vmax. The fraction, M, of Po or Vmax at which maximal power was obtained (Woledge et al. 1985) increased from 0.24 at pCa 4.5 to 0.27 at pCa 5.6. At pCa 4.5 there was a clear tendency for the fastest fibres to have greater curvature of the force�Cvelocity relationship, so there was an inverse relationship between a/Po and Vmax (Fig. 5). When the same fibres were activated at pCa 5.6, they demonstrated lower Vmax and higher values of a/Po, thus appearing to move further along the same relationship as seen between Vmax and a/Po at pCa 4.5. Figure 6 shows the rate of tension redevelopment following a rapid release and restretch (ktr) for one fibre at pCa 4.5 and pCa 5.6. The ktr declined, on average from just over 3 s?1 at pCa 4.5 to approximately 2.5 s?1 at pCa 5.6, a decrease of 23% (Table 1).