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09) and black background (L* = 2.93, a* = 0.38, and b* = -0.34). The black standard was a matt black plate covered with black velvet, and the white standard was a white ceramic. Before measuring each group, the spectrophotometer was calibrated with standard calibrating blocks (white and black) according to the manufacturer's recommendation. Calculation of the color difference and translucency parameter Color change according to thickness is important when using esthetic materials. Thus the color differences (��E) according to the thickness were obtained. Resiquimod ��E23 means ��E between the 2 mm and 3 mm specimens, and ��E24 means ��E between the 2 mm and 4 mm specimens. ��E23 and ��E24 were calculated using the following formula: ��E23 = (L*3mm - L*2mm)2 + (a*3mm - a*2mm)2 + (b*3mm - b*2mm)21/2 ��E24 = (L*4mm - L*2mm)2 + (a*4mm - a*2mm)2 + (b*4mm - b*2mm)21/2 L* represents the degree of gray corresponding to a lightness, a* is the red (for + a* value)-green (for - a* value) axis, and b* is the yellow (for + b* find more value)-blue (for - b* value) axis. The translucency parameter (TP) values were determined by calculating the color difference between readings over the black and white background for the same specimen, using the following formula: TP = (L*B - L*W)2 + (a*B - a*W)2 + (b*B - b*W)21/2 Subscripts 'B' and 'W' refer to the color coordinates over a black and white background, respectively. The differences between TP2mm and TP3mm (��TP23) and between TP2mm and TP4mm (��TP24) were also calculated. ��TP23 = TP3mm - TP2mm ��TP24 = TP4mm - TP2mm Statistical analysis The microhardness was analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test, and the color differences were analyzed using a student t-test. TP was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The software used was SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The level of significance was set to p microhardness in each thickness. Two-way ANOVA revealed that there was significant difference in microhardness according to the type of resin composites and thickness (p selleck screening library (p

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