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While the incidence of TB in Japanese has decreased (16.9 in 2013), the number of patients with TB from abroad is increasing. Objective:?To investigate the current situation of foreigners' tuberculosis in our centre, and to propose effective measures on imported tuberculosis DDR1 in urban setting. Methods:?A retrospective study of tuberculosis patients undergoing medical treatment in NCGM in January 2010 to December 2013. The total number of foreigners' active pulmonary TB was 116. Of them, 66 were hospitalized (mostly smear-positive) and 50 outpatient (all smear-negative). We also investigated 674 Japanese TB patients who were hospitalized during the same period as a control. Results:?The rate of foreigners with active pulmonary tuberculosis was elevated rapidly, from 7.3% (13 cases in 178 cases) in 2011 to 14.2% (28 cases in 196 cases) in 2013. The number of immigrants from Southeast and West Asian countries has increased rapidly in 2013. Many patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis in more than six months after arriving in Japan. Rifampicin resistance (4.5% vs 0.74%; p?=?0.027) and Multiple drug resistance (4.5% vs 0.29%; p?=?0.012) were higher in foreign population. Compared to the Japanese, foreigners' TB patients were much younger (median age of 29.0 vs 62.0), with fewer diabetics (3 vs 157; p?Temozolomide Discussion:?As a result of globalization, a lot of Japanese language schools accept foreign students from Southeast and West Asian countries. Since the number of active TB diagnosed in the first six months of their entry was elevated, early detection is urgent. In urban areas, the risk of developing tuberculosis outbreaks in young population is high because the more opportunity to contact the people in an unspecified number is growing. To ensure early detection of imported tuberculosis is very much important for preventing the spread of resistance and for continued decline in incidence rate. VENUGOPAL K1, SREELATHA PR2, NISHA RS3 1General Hospital, Alappuzha, India, 2Departmentt of Pediatrics, MCH Vandanam, India, 3Department of Community Medicine, MCH Vandanam, India Background:?DOTS being implemented (intermittent therapy) all over Veliparib supplier India since 1994. India is one of the high TB burden countries with poor resources. Detection rate in India is far behind the expected which is more evident in South India. This is because of doubt of the doctors about the effectiveness of intermittent regimen. There is no reported study of long term follow up of DOTS therapy. So the present study is to evaluate the long term follow up and relapse of DOTS for various forms of TB. Aim of the Study:?To evaluate the relapse rate and effectiveness of intermittent regimen for various forms of tuberculosis.