Vasopressin Receptor Inevitably Got You All The Way Down? We Possess The Remedy

05, **p?BMN 673 order as analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. Figure?S5 Liraglutide reduces VLDL-cholesterol without changes in weight. (A) C57BL/6J mice on a chow diet?+?4% fructose water for 16 weeks were given a once daily intraperitoneal (ip) injection of vehicle or liraglutide (20?��g/kg) during the final 4 weeks. On the final day, an ip injection of poloxamer (0.5?g/kg) was administered following a 5?h fast. (B) Body weight was measured for the duration of the study (16 weeks). (C) VLDL-cholesterol levels 6?h after poloxamer. n?=?3. Analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (B) or by Student's unpaired t-test (C). Figure?S6 Exendin-4 acutely reduces RER and CO2 production. Vehicle, pair-fed and exendin-4 treated hamsters underwent the intervention study and placed into CLAMS metabolic cages for the final 48?h. Dashed lines indicate injection timepoints. (A) RER and (B) CO2 production of hamsters in the cages over time. (C) O2 consumption, (D) heat production and (E) total movement average 3?h postinjection. Dashed lines indicate injection time. n?=?10�C11. *p? #Significance between pair-fed and exendin-4. Analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (A,B) or by one-way ANOVA (C�CE). Figure?S7 Primary hamster hepatocytes do not contain the GLP-1 receptor. Primary hamster hepatocytes were treated ex?vivo with or without oleic acid (0.7?mM) for 16?h followed by 6?h of vehicle find protocol or exendin-4. (A) Cellular and (B) secreted TG Vasopressin Receptor levels in primary hamster hepatocytes. n?=?3 in triplicate. Analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. Figure?S8 Central exendin-4 prevents fructose�Cinduced hyperinsulinemia. (A,B) Daily weight and food consumption in hamsters that underwent the ICV study (C) Fasting plasma insulin levels before (day 0) and after (Day 14) the study. (D,E) Fasting plasma AST and ALT levels. n?=?8. *p?