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2.3.3. Pharmaceutical Samples Preparation Five acetaminophen tablets (in dose of 325?mg and 500?mg) acetaminophen-codeine (325�C10?mg) were powdered and mixed thoroughly. An amount corresponding to a tablet was weighed, dissolved with 10.0?mL of water, and sonicated for 3?min. The sample was filtered through a Whatman filter paper (number 1), transferred to a 25?mL volumetric flask, and diluted to the mark with phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0. A suitable aliquot of the solution was used for analysis using the procedure. Also, the sample was spiked with different amounts of codeine and acetaminophen and quantified using DPV technique. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Electrocatalytic Characteristic of HTP-MWCNT-CPE toward Oxidation of Codeine The activity of MWCNT and HTP as a modifier and the potential of electrocatalytic oxidation of codeine at the surface Selleck JQ1 of different modified electrodes including MWCNT-CPE, HTP-CPE, and HTP-MWCNT-CPE was investigated by recording the cyclic voltammograms in the absence and presence of 0.11?mM of codeine solution and comparison of them with the same R428 voltammograms was recorded at the CPE. The electrocatalytic activity is discussed in detail as follows: voltammograms of (a) and (b) of Figure 1 show the cyclic voltammograms of CPE in the absence and presence of codeine, respectively. Similarly, the cyclic voltammograms of MWCNT-CPE are recorded in the absence (voltammogram (c)) and presence (voltammogram (d)) of 0.11?mM of codeine. A comparison of the cyclic voltammograms of CPE (Figure 1, voltammograms (a) and (b)) and MWCNT-CPE (Figure 1 voltammograms (c) and (d)) in a 0.15?M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) at the scan rate of 25?mV s?1 demonstrates the efficiency of MWCNT for codeine oxidation. As it can be seen, codeine oxidation at the MWCNT-CPE was performed at potential about 550?mV with anodic peak current 0.205?��A. However, no anodic peak current was observed in other cases. Therefore, MWCNT can improve the sensitivity of the CPE for electrocatalytic oxidation of codeine. Figure 1 Cyclic voltammograms of (a) CPE, (c) MWCNT-CPE, (e) HTP-CPE and (g) HTP-MWCNT-CPE in a 0.15?M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). (b) as (a), (d) as (c), (f) as (e) and (h) as (g) in presence of 0.11?mM of codeine. Scan rate: E-64 25?mV?s ... Cyclic voltammograms of HTP-CPE in codeine-free electrolyte, 0.15?M of a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0 (voltammogram (e)), and 0.11?mM of codeine (voltammogram (f)) at the scan rate potential of 25?mV?s?1 were recorded. As it can be seen, codeine oxidizes at 274?mV at HTP-CPE surface, while the anodic peak current for oxidation of codeine at MWCNT-CPE is about 550?mV. Moreover, the anodic peak current increased to 0.545?��A. Thus, HTP caused the overpotential to decrease, 276?mV, and the sensitivity to increase more than twice. This is an expected behavior for a modifier.
