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Real-time PCR was performed using the 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). Relative expression levels were determined based on the CT values and normalized to CT values for the Gapdh gene. p values for the differences of CT values were calculated using one-way ANOVA with the Fisher's PLSD test. Nuclear extracts were prepared from frozen liver samples, as previously described (Rodgers and Puigserver, 2007). Liver nuclear extract (100?��g) was analyzed by western blotting with an anti-acetyl NF-��B p65 (Lys310) antibody (Cell Signaling Technology). The same blot was reprobed with anti-NF-��B p65 antibody (Santa Cruz). Signals were visualized using the ECL Plus detection system (Amersham). Differences between two groups were assessed Roxadustat nmr using the Student's paired or unpaired t test. Comparisons among several groups were performed PTPRJ using one-way ANOVA with the Fisher's PLSD posthoc test. p values?this website and brown adipose tissue (BAT) (Gesta et?al., 2007). White adipocytes function primarily to store triglycerides as energy (Spiegelman and Flier, 2001), while brown adipocytes generate heat energy at the expense of ATP generation due to their high expression of the uncoupling protein UCP1 (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2004). Mesenchymal stem cells give rise to distinct white and brown adipocyte precursors (Park et?al., 2008). Brown adipocytes share precursors with muscle cells, but not with white adipocytes (Seale et?al., 2008). The transcription factors PPAR�� and C/EBP�� drive white adipocyte differentiation, while the transcriptional regulators PRDM16 and PPAR�� drive brown fat differentiation (Tontonoz and Spiegelman, 2008).