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Several national programmes promote and distribute iron-folic acid during pregnancy, regular Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor deworming against parasites, and consumption and production of animal-source foods that are rich in iron (20, 36, 39). The prevention of anaemia has also been promoted through smaller programmes established in various regions (14, 46). Identified programme monitoring and evaluation reports did not inquire into whether programme components specific to iron and anaemia (iron-folic acid, ITN, deworming) were being implemented as recommended. The DHS 2006 reported that just 5% of infants 6�C9 months of age had consumed iron-rich foods the day prior to the survey, reports among older children never exceeded one-third of children. Also, although nearly half of the households surveyed had ITNs, less than 10% of women and children had used these nets the night prior to the survey and 84% of children and 46% of women had anaemia (haemoglobin Dasatinib risk would be to provide iron supplements to anaemic or malnourished children in this malaria endemic country. Despite national-level programmes to prevent anaemia, its prevalence is very high among children and women of child-bearing age and the use of available methods of preventing anaemia, such as sleeping under bed nets or use of iron supplements during pregnancy, are used infrequently. Studies are needed to determine why available methods of preventing anaemia are not used by target populations and how best to increase their usage. The national nutrition plan of action (9) promotes universal use of iodized salt and the provision of iodized oil to women during childbearing years. Universal use of iodized salt is also promoted in the national nutrition policy (31) and the national child survival strategy (8). In a neighbourhood of Niamey, the capital of Niger, 62% of 120 women Oxygenase did not know what was meant by iodized salt, 48% reportedly believed they would be able to tell the difference by the colour, and 62% had no preference on the type of salt used (49). National-level training manuals and guidelines promote the use of iodized salt (16, 20, 36) and one also recommends the use of iodized oil to treat iodine deficiency symptoms (20). The total prevalence of goitre among school-aged children was36% in 1994 (50), and decreased to 20% in 1998, two years after commencing control of salt iodization (50).