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0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) computer program. Acquired data were checked for normality and depending on the results either www.selleckchem.com/products/byl719.html parametric (Student's t-test, Pearson's coefficient of correlation) or nonparametric tests (Mann�CWhitney U-test, Spearman's rank correlation) were applied. Results of calculations were rounded to one decimal place. Where information was missing the available data was summarized. The search in PubMed identified 129 publications since 1987, and 39 additional publications were found with other methods, with both groups mentioning 173 and 74 cases of MKS, respectively (247 cases in a total of 168 publications). Sixteen publications were excluded as the full text of the article could not be acquired. An additional 63 publications did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 89 publications (covering 128 patients) for review. A full list of identified cases (with reasons for exclusion, where applicable) may be found online at the publisher's website. There were 114 (89,1%) male and 14 female (10,9%) patients (a ratio of 8.1:1). The distribution of age (Shapiro�CWilk test, P?=?0.000) and other continuous variables were found to be nonnormal; therefore, nonparametric tests were used for analyses. The average age was 53.9 years, and males were slightly younger than females (53.8 vs 54.9 Selleckchem SB431542 years, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant (P?=?0.7, Mann�CWhitney U-test). Fig.?2 shows number of patients per age group. Further details about the age distribution can be seen in Table?1. The average tracheal size was 36?mm (median and mode 34?mm, min 25?mm, max 65?mm). There was no correlation between the patient's age and tracheal and/or bronchial diameter, but a weak correlation could be observed between the tracheal and/or bronchial ADAMTS12 diameter and the duration of disease (as defined by the length of complaints, ��?=?0.22, P?=?0.045). In 29.7% (n?=?38) of the cases only the tracheal dimensions were published, and in another 25.8% (n?=?33) only the trachea was enlarged. In this subgroup with normal bronchial size, the average tracheal diameter was smaller �C 32.2?mm (P?