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05, PVandetanib order data are presented as mean �� standard error of the mean. n=4/group. ... Discussion Itraconazole In the present study, the effect of QEF on the D-galactose-induced aging mice was evaluated. The results showed that QEF improved motor coordination and memory impairment in aging mice, indicating its potential application as an anti-aging drug. As aging occurs, the body loses muscle component, resulting in a loss of strength and more easily fatigued muscle (10), which is accompanied with declined learning and memory capability. In the present study, the motor coordination of mice reflecting one aspect of the strength of muscle was evaluated by RRT (11), while the Selleckchem Verteporfin memory of mice was assessed with PAT (12). In the experiments, D-galactose-treated mice showed typical aging symptoms, as evidenced by reduced endurance in RRT and impaired memory in PAT. By contrast, QEF treatment could reverse the deteriorated behavior of mice, suggesting its alleviative effect on motor and memory of aging mice. The free radical theory is one of the most popular aging theories. According to the theory, accumulated free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), damage lipids, DNA, proteins and tissues in organisms (13). Enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, CAT and GSH peroxidase, and non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as VE and GSH, can neutralize ROS and prevent against further injury. In the present study, QEF administration enhanced antioxidants, including GSH, T-AOC and CAT, in the serum or liver of D-galactose-induced aging mice. As a result, MDA, the product of lipid peroxidation and marker for oxidative stress (14), was reduced. These results demonstrated the regulatory effect of QEF on the unbalanced oxidants in aging mice. Klotho, or its secreted form, �� Klotho, has been demonstrated to function as an anti-aging and organ protection factor by inhibiting signaling of multiple growth factors, such as insulin, IGF-1 and TGF-�� (15�C17).
