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Therefore, the role of the graphene/substrate heterojunction in tailoring the plasmon resonance for nanoplasmonic applications is shown. Additionally, the coupled phenomena between the graphene�CGa plasmon properties, charge transfer, and SERS of graphene vibrational modes are explored. ""The aim of this study was to determine canine breed predispositions for decreased serum folate or markedly decreased cobalamin concentrations. Retrospective analysis of samples from dogs that had serum folate and cobalamin concentrations measured, from 1990 to 2002 at the Comparative Gastroenterology Laboratory of Liverpool, were enrolled. A total of 13,069 samples were analysed. Those with trypsin-like immunoreactivity Onalespib was determined by calculating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for hypocobalaminaemia or decreased folate concentration. Significance was tested with a two-sided Fisher's exact test, and the level of statistical significance was set at PDabigatran concentration differed between breeds. The shar peis had a markedly increased odds ratio for hypocobalaminaemia, as previously reported in North America, but other at-risk breeds were also identified. ""It is important to obtain a better understanding of the uptake, trafficking, pharmacokinetics, clearance, and role of nanomaterials selleck products in biological systems, so that their possible undesirable effects can be avoided. A number of metallic or metal-containing nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles and nanorods, quantum dots, iron oxides nanoparticles, and endohedral metallofullerenes, have already been or will soon become very promising for biomedical applications. This review presents a summary of currently available data on the fate and toxicity of these metallic or metal-containing nanoparticles based on animal studies. Several issues regarding the nanotoxicity assessment and future directions on the study of the fate of these nanoparticles are also proposed. ""Recombinant surfactants present a new platform for stabilizing and targeting nanoparticle imaging agents. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded micelles for MRI contrast are stabilized by an engineered variant of the naturally occurring protein oleosin and targeted using a Her2/neu affibody-oleosin fusion.