The 4 Most Asked Questions Regarding eltoprazine

Indeed, COPD patients enrolled in Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints showed an increased prevalence of ischemic heart disease compared to smoking and non-smoking control subjects. This increase was GW3965 cell line independent of the severity of spirometric measurements.12 Estimates of COPD prevalence vary according to the population studied, diagnostic criteria applied, measurement tools and surveillance systems.13 Geographic variations are largely related to differences in population age structure and exposure to risk factors, primarily smoking.1,13 Most of the studies on the prevalence of COPD in patients with CAD have been conducted in cohorts hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome14,15 or enrolled in clinical trials.16 No study has systematically examined pulmonary function in patients with stable CAD, and the percentage of those who have severe, reversible or misdiagnosed airflow obstruction is not known. Studies on the prevalence of COPD among patients with MI report discrepant results. The PREMIER eltoprazine registry17 reported a prevalence of COPD that was more than double (15.6%) that reported in the SPRINT registry (7%).18 The SPRINT study enrolled patients who survived the acute phase of MI, leading to a bias whereby COPD patients dying early were not enrolled, resulting in a lower prevalence of COPD among survivors. Conversely, the PREMIER registry, which also included MI survivors, used a less strict definition of COPD by including asthma. More recently, Bursi et?al.,19 by incorporating all individuals with a first MI and not including patients with asthma, documented a COPD prevalence of 12%. In this case, information learn more on COPD status was obtained by review of the medical reports. Regardless of the application of different COPD diagnostic criteria, the result of an increased COPD prevalence in patients with CAD in recent years may represent greater awareness of COPD, an ageing population or increased age at onset of CAD. There is consistent evidence that this trend over time likely reflects a true increase in COPD prevalence, underscoring that COPD is a major comorbidity among patients with CAD.19 This has been further confirmed by the study of Soriano and co-workers,20 who reported a prevalence as high as 33.6% of airflow limitation compatible with COPD in 119 patients with CAD who regularly visited a tertiary referral university hospital from October 2006 to June 2008. All the subjects underwent spirometry, and airflow limitation was defined according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines as a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1?s?/?forced vital capacity?