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For the -practical utility and reliability studies, 20 dogs wore the GT3-X accelerometers for 1 week: practical utility was quantified as data loss and was also assessed by owner questionnaire; reliability was -determined by 2 to 7 days of monitoring using the Spearman�CBrown prophecy formula. Results: In the validation study, accelerometry output differed significantly between activity intensities (Friedman test, PFleroxacin of accelerometry output was high: for 3 days of wear, it was 91% [95% confidence interval (CI) 82 to 96] and for 7 days of wear, it was 94% (CI 88 to 97). Clinical Significance: The GT3-X accelerometer is valid, practical and reliable for the measurement of habitual physical activity in dogs. ""Objectives: To evaluate range of motion (ROM) of the pelvic limb in healthy dogs descending stairs compared with decline slope walking. Methods: Reflective spheres were placed on the skin over the joints of the right pelvic limb of seven adult, hound-type dogs with no clinical signs of orthopaedic or neurologic disease. Five trials of stair and ramp descent of each dog were recorded using four 60 Hz digital infrared cameras. Two-dimensional kinematic data were collected as dogs walked down stairs and on a continuous decline of equivalent slope. Maximum and minimum joint angles and ROM were calculated for the coxofemoral, femorotibial and tibiotarsal joints. Results: Stair descent resulted in significantly greater femorotibial flexion and tibiotarsal flexion CHIR-99021 and extension compared with continuous slope descent. Significantly greater ROM was achieved in the coxofemoral, femorotibial and tibiotarsal joints during stair descent. Clinical Significance: Compared with a continuous slope, stair descent achieves greater ROM in the pelvic limbs of dogs. Stair descent may be a useful therapeutic exercise to improve ROM in dogs with musculoskeletal learn more disease of the pelvic limb, and ramp descent may be easier for dogs with limited motion of pelvic limb joints. ""These authors contributed equally to this work. Materials with the ability to harness multiple sources of energy from the ambient environment could lead to new types of energy-harvesting systems. It is demonstrated that nanocomposite films consisting of zinc oxide nanostructures embedded in a common paper matrix can be directly used as energy-conversion devices to transform mechanical and thermal energies to electric power. These mechanically robust and flexible devices can be fabricated over large areas and are capable of producing an output voltage and power up to 80 mV and 50 nW cm?2, respectively. Furthermore, it is shown that by integrating a certain number of devices (in series and parallel) the output voltage and the concomitant output power can be significantly increased.