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5 and ?4.0 in T score were included. Women with severe osteoporosis with fractures were excluded as well as women treated with skeletal specific drugs within the past 5 years, bisphosphonate use more for than 3 years or use of bisphosphonate within the 12 months before study initiation. Of the 7868 patients, 60 Verubecestat chemical structure (30 denosumab and 29 placebo treated) were excluded from all analyses due to inconsistency of data and adherence to the study protocol. There were 3902 women who were treated with denosumab and 3906 women with placebo (mean age �� standard deviation, 72.3 �� 5.2 years) for both groups. A total of 82% of patients completed 36 months of the study (3206 women in the placebo group and 3272 in the denosumab group). Antifracture efficacy of denosumab After 3 years, the relative risk of new radiographic vertebral fractures was reduced by 68%, for hip fractures by 40% and for nonvertebral fractures by 20% by denosumab treatment [Cummings et al. 2009]. The absolute reduction of fracture rate was 4.8 %, 0.3% and 1.5% for new vertebral, hip and nonvertebral fracture, respectively. A prespecified and post hoc analysis also showed a significant reduction of new vertebral and hip fracture in women over 75 years of age as well as in other subgroups of women at high risk of fracture [Boonen et al. 2011; McClung et al. 2012]. In women with low bone mass at baseline (T scoreOxymatrine a further and significant decrease in nonvertebral fractures was observed in year 4 and the period of year 4 to 7 compared with the first 3 years of denosumab treatment [Ferrari et al. 2013]. Also the incidence of wrist fractures was lower in year 4 and 5 of the long-term denosumab group [Bilezikian et al. 2014]. It is of interest to emphasize the impact of denosumab on cortical bone. Radius, tibia and hip regions have been used in various models for studying cortical and trabecular compartments and will be discussed later in this review. Antifracture efficacy of denosumab Liraglutide in vivo versus other antiresorptive therapies The other available registered antiresorptive drugs, alendronic acid (ALN), risedronic acid (RIS), ibandronate (IBAN) and zoledronic acid (ZOL) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis including raloxifene (RAL) are also effective with a 3-year relative risk reduction (RRR) for a new vertebral fracture of 47% (ALN), 41% (RIS), 30 % (RAL), 48% (IBAN) [Black et al. 1996; Ettinger et al. 1999; Harris et al. 1999; Chesnut et al. 2004]. The RRR for new vertebral fractures over 3 years of treatment with denosumab was 68% and similar to the RRR of 70% for ZOL in the HORIZON study [Black et al. 2007].
