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An antibiogram was also carried out, following the guidelines of the Antibiogramme Committee of the French Society for Microbiology (CA-SFM). An antifungigram was systematically carried out using the E-test? technique (BioM��rieux?), whenever the isolate contained a fungus. The inhibition zone or E-test? diameters were read by a SIRSCAN? analyzer (i2a?, Perols, France). The data were gathered using the ��epidemiological�� module of the SIR? software (i2a?), with individualized analyses of PRDX5 the species and their resistance profiles. The bacteria belonging to commensal flora (coagulase-negative staphylococcus and Corynebacteria sp.) were retained if they were isolated at least twice with the same antibiotype. Duplicates (even isolates with the same sensitivity Selleck Midostaurin profile, isolated several times in the same patient over a period of at least 5?days) were excluded. The colistin�Camphotericin B combination is used in our hospital for selective digestive decontamination (SDD). During allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), patients receive primary antibioprophylaxis based on a combination of ciprofloxacin and a piperacillin/tazobactam. In the case of febrile neutropenia, the most urgent issue is antibacterial therapy, based on an empirical broad-spectrum antibiotherapy. The protocol applied in our haematology department relies on a dual empirical antibiotherapy according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America (piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin) for 3?days [5]. The combination with aminoglycoside is not recommended by the European Conference on Infection see more in Leukemia unless septic shock or pneumonia occurs [6]. In the case of persistent fever, antibacterial therapy relies on ceftazidime and vancomycin and amikacin. This first-line treatment regimen is maintained if effective and/or if the isolated bacterial species is sensitive to this combination. If a resistant GNB is isolated, the spectrum is enlarged to include third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) or even imipenem in the case of ESBL (extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing enterobacteria), which hydrolyze 3GC. If a GPC is isolated, vancomycin is given. This antibiotic can be added at an early stage in the case of an MRSA-carrier patient. Finally, the addition of an antifungal drug (amphotericin B) can become necessary if a fungal infection is isolated or suspected. Over an 8-year period, 1413 patients were hospitalized in our haematology department. Of these, 829 had neutropenia with
