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According to the duration and type of travel, no significant difference between cases and controls were found (Table?1). In 109 (95.6%) of the 114 cases, the duration of diarrhoea (from onset of diarrhoea up to time of stool collection) was known. Of these, 31 (28.4%) reported suffering from diarrhoea for 0�C3?days, 53 (48.6%) LY294002 for 4�C14?days, and 25 (22.9%) for more than 14?days (up to 180?days). Besides diarrhoea, 46 (40.4%) cases had nausea, 25 (21.9%) suffered from abdominal pain and flatulence (21.9% each), and 14 (12.3%) suffered from vomiting. Among the cases, 10.5% were positive for norovirus (2.6% for GI and 8.8% for GII), including one case who was co-infected with both genogroups. Furthermore, 45.0% were positive for EAEC, 20.0% for LT-ETEC, and 16.2% for ST-ETEC, whereas 11 cases were co-infected with EAEC and LT-ETEC or with EAEC and ST-ETEC, and four cases were co-infected with EAEC, LT-ETEC, and ST-ETEC. Additionally, seven cases were co-infected with LT-ETEC and ST-ETEC. Nine co-infections with noroviruses and Escherichia spp. were also found. Significantly different prevalence rates between cases and controls were found only for EAEC (p?Lapatinib purchase acute and persistent (duration >14?days) diarrhoea (Table?3). The prevalence of other potential causative pathogens for diarrhoea among the cases was as follows: Blastocystis hominis 14.9%, Campylobacter jejuni 12.3%Giardia lamblia 6.1%, Shigella spp., 6.1%, Salmonella spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora cayetanensis 2.6% each. Significantly different prevalence rates between cases and controls were found only for B.?hominis (p?0.03) and C.?jejuni (p?S6 Kinase were found, in 6.1% (7/114) four pathogens were found, and in 0.9% (1/114) five pathogens were found. Among the 69 cases with co-infections, in 20 (29.0%) protozoa and in 11 (15.9%) bacteria other than Escherichia spp. were found to be potential causative pathogens. Among the controls, in 55.4% (31/56) no infections were detected, in 32.1% (18/56) infection with one pathogen was detected, and in 12.5% (7/56) co-infections with two or three potential causative pathogens for TD were detected; in 8.9% (5/56) two pathogens were found in the stool sample, and in 3.6% (2/56) three pathogens were found. Among the seven controls with co-infections, in two (28.6%) protozoa and in three (42.9%) bacteria other than Escherichia spp. were found to be potential causative pathogens.