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Conventional microbiological cultures, including a broth enrichment step for all swabs combined with selective and non-selective agar plates, are performed according to the guidelines of the Dutch Society of Medical Microbiology [7]. All first MRSA isolates of newly identified carriers are sent to the Dutch MRSA reference laboratory of the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) for typing. In 2006, according to the protocol at that time, isolates were initially genotyped by PFGE with the enzyme Sma1. Additional typing methods (e.g. multilocus sequence typing and www.selleckchem.com/products/Bleomycin-sulfate.html Spa-typing) were used for livestock-associated strains, as these isolates can not be typed using PFGE with Sma1 [8]. Differences Rigosertib chemical structure in transmission of ST398 and non-ST398 MRSA isolates were assessed by calculating relative rates and relative risk ratios. Continuous variables were compared with the Mann�CWhitney U-test; categorical variables were compared with the chi-square test and Fisher��s exact test. All analyses were performed using SPSS 15.00 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), with significance defined as p?S1PR1 (Table?1). Secondary cases were documented in three of 964 (0.3%) HCWs and none of 183 patients screened (0.3% of all individuals screened) for ST398 MRSA, and in 29 of 4794 (0.6%) HCWs and 33 of 1951 (1.7%) patients screened (0.9% of all individuals screened) for non-ST398 MRSA (Fig.?1). The relative risk of transmission of ST398 MRSA, as compared with non-ST398 MRSA, was 0.28 (95%?CI?0.09�C0.90). The number of days in hospital without infection control measures were 94 (median: 1.5) and 489 (median: 4.0) for index patients carrying ST398 and non-ST398 MRSA, respectively.