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at the., free, busy and also blockage: ��CBR={?1?0 ��CBR and channel status. Some well-known studies agreed that the suitable CBR target value for safety applications is 0.6 [30,31]. Fallah et al. identified an appropriate maximum CBR as 0.8 [32]. Therefore, ��CBR does not affect UTX until CBR achieves 0.6. Then, ��CBR decreases with the increasing of CBR, when CBR is between 0.6 and 0.8. If CBR is more than 0.8, a very small value, i.e., 0.001, will be assigned to ��CBR to minimize UTX. Thus, the sender S will sense the congestion of this neighbor and a lowest rebroadcast order is allocated to the neighbor to mitigate the congestion. Moreover, if a sender detected that all the members of a cluster are congested, the cluster will be deleted from the priority list. If the network load of the cluster is alleviated to free or busy level later, the Selleckchem Paclitaxel transmission will be Panobinostat price recovered. As stated in Equation (4), the neighbors in every directional cluster are sorted in decreasing order in terms of their utility. Then, a round-robin fashion is used to define the final order of vehicles in the priority list [10]. For clear explanation, Figure 4 is given to illustrate the process of the sorting technique. The vehicle having the highest UTX in the directional cluster C1 is put into the first position of the priority list, followed by the vehicle having highest UTX in directional cluster C2, etc. This method guarantees the fairness for each directional cluster. For instance, we assume that the utility UTX of vehicles is proportional to its ID number in Figure 4, e.g., UN2>UN1, so after Sitaxentan the first round of sorting, the priority list is N2, N4, N6, N8, N10, N12. In the second round, all neighbors are sorted and the final priority list is N2, N4, N6, N8, N10, N12, N1, N3, N5, N7, N9, N11. Figure 4 The sorting process for a priority list. The sender S inserts the priority list into the header of the data message before transmitting. The header format is . When the recipients receive a data message from S, they extract the priority list and seek out their rank R?��[0,?n?1], where n is the number of neighbors. TrAD gives one time interval ti between the former transmission and the latter one. ti includes the total time taken from the transmitter to the recipient, such as medium access delay, propagation delay and transmission delay. The delay (back-off time) of transmissions DelayTX is obtained by using Equation (6): DelayTX=ti��R (6) 3.2. Store-Carry-Forward Mechanism TrAD assigns the role of SCF-agent to the vehicles at a specific location in a VANET, which is beneficial to fill the connectivity gaps among vehicular clusters.