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Patient was ventilated for 3 min and intubation was done using an adequately sized ET tube. BIS monitor was kept attached, and values were recorded throughout. After proper positioning of the patient, caudal epidural block was given with 0.2% ropivacaine 1 ml/kg to the caudal group and nothing was administered to the control group. To overcome observer bias and undergo double blinding, we appointed a second observer, who was not present in the operation theater till the time and was called after positioning of the patients, so that he was not aware of which patient got caudal block and which patient did not. In this period, when the BIS value went over 40, as monitored by a second observer who started propofol infusion at the rate of CYTH4 10 mg/Kg/h to both groups targeting to maintain the intra-operative BIS value in Erlotinib in vivo the range of 40-60. Hence, patient was maintained by 50% oxygen, 50% nitrous oxide along with propofol infusion. Rescue analgesic in the form of fentanyl was given at the rate of 0.5 mcg/Kg after 1 h of surgery to the control group. If the intra-operative BIS value remained to be 60 persistently, bolus of propofol at 0.5 mg/kg was given, and if it was persistently below 30, propofol infusion was switched off and time was recorded till infusion was switched back on. Five minute before arousal propofol infusion was switched off, and the amount of drug administered was recorded in both groups. Then the patient was reversed with 50 mg/Kg neostigmine and 10 mcg/Kg glycopyrrolate. The time to arousal and extubation was recorded. Perioperative monitoring included standard ASA monitoring along with BIS (Aspect Medical Systems, US). All raw data collected from case report forms were entered into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet selleck products and analyzed using available statistical software viz. PSPP manufactured by GNU and SPSS 12 manufactured by IBM. Numerical variables between groups were analyzed using the Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test as applicable. Categorical variables were analyzed using the Pearson's Chi-square test. P