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At the time of the study, the active soldiers were receiving a 2-month training session in preparation for AMISOM. The training took place in these camps, with one battalion at a time. Six clinical psychologists of the University of Konstanz, four military psychologists Verubecestat of the Burundian army and six advanced students of clinical psychology from the University Lumi��re interviewed the participants. Interviews were conducted in Kirundi. Non-local interviewers conducted the interviews with the help of six bilingual interpreters. Different interpreters translated all questionnaires into Kirundi and back into English. The translations were discussed in detail with the interpreters before their application in the interview. All interviewers and interpreters had been trained in the concepts of mental disorders and aggression in an intensive 6-week training session prior to data collection and also received permanent supervision to ensure data quality. The interviews lasted one and a half hours see more on average. Data analysis Robust multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the prediction of PTSD symptom severity as well as appetitive aggression by the number of traumatic event types, childhood maltreatment and self-committed violence. The aforementioned predictors as well as all two-way interactions were included in the regression models. To identify potential differences between ex-combatants and active soldiers, group assignment was included in the model and dummy-coded using 0 for the ex-combatants and 1 for the active soldiers. The predictors were mean-centered to reduce potential multicollinearity (Kleinbaum, Kupper, Nizam, & Muller, 2008). In a first step, all variables were simultaneously entered into the model. In a second step, the insignificant variables were excluded in a stepwise manner. The final model was selected according to Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC, Schwarz, 1978). All analyses used a two-tailed ��=0.05. Results Predictors of PTSD symptom Oxymatrine severity We conducted a robust multiple linear regression to identify significant predictors of PTSD symptom severity and to assess if their influence differed between the ex-combatants and active soldiers. The results are presented in Table 2 (Model 1). The selected model revealed main effects for the group variable and the variables traumatic event types and childhood maltreatment. Self-committed violence was no additional predictor. Of all included interactions, the interaction of traumatic event types * childhood maltreatment significantly predicted PTSD symptom severity. Additionally, the interactions of group * traumatic event types and group * childhood maltreatment were significant, indicating a stronger impact of traumatic event types as well as childhood maltreatment on PTSD symptom severity in the group of the ex-combatants. The model accounted for 43% of the variance of PTSD symptom severity (F (6, 944) = 104.12, p