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These factors, combined with different levels of iodine content in water, have resulted in disparate situations. Before iodization, the whole range was in evidence, from adequate iodine levels on Iceland to severe ID with cretinism in Sweden. It needs to be emphasized that, without iodization and appropriate action and monitoring measures, this may become the case again. In countries where the situation has been satisfactory for many years, government involvement and the responsibility taken by this website the authorities in connection with monitoring the situation and legislation seem to be substantially less than in Denmark, which is the country with the mildest ID and a short history of mandatory iodine fortification. It is not the degree of the ID, but rather the length of the period during which governments have taken action, that determines the level of responsibility see more assumed by government administrations. In Norway, Sweden, and Finland, a picture of apparently sufficient iodine levels and the fact that fortification measures were initiated almost a lifetime ago have resulted in the iodine situation being given little priority; modern surveillance has never been introduced. However, iodine levels are dynamic and affected by changes in society. Lying back and relaxing is not a good option. The risk situation in the Nordic countries today In addition to the fish intake being high in Iceland, the fish species that are consumed contain more iodine. Haddock and cod are lean fishes and contain considerably more iodine than fatty fish species. In Norway, lean fish comprise more than half of all fish consumed; but the consumption of fatty fish, such as herring, mackerel, and farmed salmon is on the rise. Herring was traditionally a common source of protein in the Norwegian and Swedish diets. Swedish and Finnish consumption patterns are, however, ALK dominated by fatty fish, mainly farmed salmon and trout containing low amounts of iodine compared to wild salmon. Saltwater fish generally has higher iodine content. It is not only the amount of fish, but also the sort of fish that make a difference. In all Nordic countries, except for Denmark (110), the food habits in the populations have changed during the past decades (36). In Norway, data from the national nutrition survey in 2010�C2011 show that less than 25% of the adult population complied with the fish intake recommendation, which advises a weekly intake of 300�C450 g fish (111). The proportion of pregnant women in MoBa whose intake matched this recommendation was