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Benzodiazepines are the main class of first-line emergency antiepileptic drugs. This review will examine the available data on benzodiazepines according to: stability in the conditions of the emergency room services, drug absorption via non-intravenous route, clinical efficacy and safety, and ease of delivery and social acceptability. ""Periodic lateralised epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) are uncommon transient electroencephalographic findings accompanied by acute brain lesions. A small proportion of PLEDs persist for more than three months and are called ��chronic�� PLEDs, the pathophysiology of which is still debated. Herein, we report a man with right hemispheric PLEDs which lasted for more than 14 months and mild left hemispatial neglect after he experienced status epilepticus. Although MRI was normal, positron Fluvoxamine emission tomography revealed right temporo-parieto-occipital hypometabolism, which coincided with the source area of PLEDs estimated by magnetoencephalography. In addition, levels of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate I-BET-762 mw (NMDA) receptor antibodies and granzyme B were found to be high in the cerebrospinal fluid. Following two courses of steroid pulse therapy, the patient's left spatial neglect improved and the PLEDs were partially resolved. These findings suggest that the chronic PLEDs present in this case were an interictal phenomenon and that their pathophysiology involved autoimmune processes. ""Epilepsia partialis continua is typically associated with lesions of the cerebral cortex. However, subcortical lesions can also cause this condition. We present a patient with epilepsia partialis continua who failed to respond to conventional anticonvulsant medications but experienced a dramatic transient response to alcohol and a subsequent response to primidone. This pattern of sensitivity, which is similar to that seen in essential tremor, has led to the hypothesis that the two disorders are associated with pathology within the same anatomical network. Pazopanib A new pathophysiological model is thus proposed for the occurrence of epilepsia partialis continua in both cortical and subcortical disease processes. [Published with video sequences] ""Aim. To study new semiological signs which help distinguish between primary and secondarily generalised tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). Methods. We retrospectively studied 86 GTCS, 13 primary and 73 secondary, in 58 patients who underwent video-EEG (vEEG) evaluation in our epilepsy monitoring unit. Eleven patients had generalised epilepsy and 47 focal epilepsy. Two expert epileptologists, blinded to diagnosis, examined the vEEGs independently for the presence of five semiological signs. Results. Asymmetry of limb movements in clonic phase, side-to-side axial movements, and asymmetric seizure termination occurred more frequently (p