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Pregnant women with complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, anemia, chronic hypertension, and selleck chemicals type I or type II diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. Genomic DNA was isolated from placental tissues and global DNA methylation was measured using the Methylamp? Global DNA Methylation Quantification Kit (Epigentek Group, Inc., New York, NY) (Kulkarni et al., 2011). Our results show a positive association (r?=?0.32; P?Temozolomide ic50 for contrasting trends in DNA methylation levels in normotensive preterm and preeclamptic preterm placentas. Further the observed positive association with gestational age at birth suggests that the gestational age-dependent profile is important to evaluate and control, when considering any methylation change identified as a potential biomarker, particularly in preterm pregnancies. Placental development and function is coordinated by interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and physiological cues that are differentially interpreted as a function of gestational age (Oyama, 2000). It has been shown in animal models that after implantation, the bulk of the genome becomes hypermethylated through active de novo methylation. The dynamic nature of methylation patterns during development has also been demonstrated in humans. At every stage of fetal development there is a sequence of de novo methylation DDR1 and chromatin remodeling that dictates the tissue structure and function through a finely tuned pattern involving the switching on and off of gene expression. There are critical spatiotemporal windows during which these programs must be completed; failure to complete these programs in time may be irrecoverable and have long-term consequences (Hales and Barker, 2001). Our results, therefore, have implications for the consequences of prematurity since premature birth may impede the normal spatio-temporal pattern of gene expression affecting later development of the infant after birth, and for fetal programming of adult diseases since preterm babies are known to be at increased risk of neurodevelopmental and metabolic disorders in later life. However, there is a need to study the methylation patterns of the relevant genes in placenta of women delivering preterm and at term to test this hypothesis. The author (PCG) is grateful to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India for financial support. ""The adult Drosophila ovary is divided into sixteen to twenty ovarioles, each containing a specialized stem-cell niche.
