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DVA clients were at a decreased risk of dying from any cancer (male SMR 0.78, 95%CI 0.75�C0.81; female SMR 0.80, 95%CI 0.76�C0.85) and from a number of specific cancer types, including the common cancers, prostate, colon, lung (men only) and breast cancer (Figures 2a�Cb). This population-based cohort study quantified the cancer incidence and mortality profile of all DVA clients residing in NSW. Overall, and for some site-specific cancers including prostate and melanoma, male clients had a slightly elevated risk of cancer. However, both male and female clients had a reduced risk of cancer death. Given the age of the cohort, it is likely a healthy survivor effect has played a role in our cancer incidence Dinaciclib and cancer mortality findings. That is, given the increased risk of the Australian male veteran population to death from chronic diseases and external causes,2,6 those who survived beyond 70 years of age may have been healthier than members of the general population in the same age group. It is also possible that a competing risk of death from other causes played a part in the reduced risk of cancer death. Finally, it is also probable that the elevated cancer risk and the reduced risk of death from cancer was associated with clients�� relatively unrestricted access to health care services compared to the general population. Increased cancer risk was observed for two of the most common cancers in males, prostate cancer and cutaneous melanoma. Males also had increased risk of head and neck cancer and connective tissue cancer. These results were partially consistent with those from previous studies of Australian male veterans, although caution is required with such comparisons because our study population includes DVA clients without a history of war service. We could not establish the service record of our individual cohort members; however, 99.7% of male and 8.1% of female DVA clients are veterans, the remainder are dependants with no service-related history.3 Australian male Vietnam and Korean War veterans (median age
