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The levels of IL-1�� and TNF-�� were markedly elevated in MI rats, and the levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were ... Effects of myocardial infarction and exercise training on structural changes of left ventricular myocardium and aortic endothelial VE-821 ic50 cells, and expression and distribution of eNOS and TNF-�� As shown in Figure?Figure4A�CF,4A�CF, Masson's trichrome staining (myocardial tissue: red color, fibrosis: blue color) and hematoxylin and eosin staining (myocardial tissue: red color, fibrosis: pink color) showed that MI-induced fibrosis changes in the infarct border zone within left ventricular myocardium (Fig.?(Fig.4B4B and E); this increase in fibrosis was attenuated in the MI?+?Ex groups (Fig.?(Fig.4C4C and F). The structural integrity of the vascular endothelium Azastene plays a critical role in vascular homeostasis. Therefore, we assessed the structure of aortic endothelial cells with normal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. As shown in Figure?Figure5A,5A, D, and G, endothelial cells in the Sham group exhibited a normal structure. However, an abnormal endothelial structure was observed in the MI group (Fig.?(Fig.5B,5B, E, and F); some endothelial cells were edematous, resulting in a rough cell surface, and some endothelial cells had cytoplasm containing clear vacuoles, and the membrane of the endothelial cells was not intact. The internal elastic membrane of the aorta was ruptured, and in some areas smooth muscle layers were directly exposed to the vessel lumen due to endothelial cell desquamation. The endothelial injury was reduced after treatment with exercise training (Fig.?(Fig.5C,5C, F and I). These results indicate structural degradation of endothelium, which may be a contributor to dysfunctional vasorelaxation observed in aortas from post-MI rats. Exercise training can protect structure and restore integrity of aortic endothelium. Figure 4 Effects of myocardial infarction and exercise training on myocardial fibrosis and the expression of eNOS and TNF-�� in the infarct border zone of left ventricular myocardium. Masson's trichrome staining selleck chemicals (myocardial tissue: red color, fibrosis: ... Figure 5 Effects of myocardial infarction and exercise training on microstructure and ultrastructure of aortic endothelial cells. Microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that endothelial cells in the Sham group exhibited a normal structure. However, ... In addition, we assessed the expression and distribution of eNOS and TNF-�� in left ventricular myocardial tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that eNOS and TNF-�� are expressed in three groups (Fig?(Fig4G�CL).4G�CL). ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the OD of eNOS and TNF-�� among three groups (P?
