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Respondents who assert that women should have control over their bodies also had lower odds of high depression symptoms and lower diastolic blood pressure. In contrast, women with greater decision-making autonomy were more likely to be classified as having high depressive symptomatology and higher diastolic blood pressure. Building on recent work, we suggest that these associations might reflect varying levels of agreement between men and women, and we provide some limited evidence to support this. This study stands as a theoretical and methodological cautionary note by suggesting that the relationship between autonomy and health is complex. Further, if differences in gender agreement underlie differences in the predictive accuracy of autonomy scales, then human biology researchers will need to begin collecting identical data from men and women. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. ? 2009 Wiley-Liss, GSK2656157 molecular weight Inc. ""4047" "Although habitual physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) are now well-established determinants of metabolic disease, there is scarcity of such data from Africa. The aim of this study was to describe objectively measured PAEE and CRF in different ethnic populations of rural Kenya. A cross-sectional study was done among 1,099 rural Luo, Kamba, and Maasai of Kenya. Participants were 17�C68 years old and 60.9% were women. Individual heart rate (HR) response to a submaximal steptest was used to assess CRF (estimated VO2max). Habitual PAEE was measured with combined accelerometry and HR monitoring, with individual calibration Oxygenase of HR using information from the step test. Men had higher PAEE than women (?78 vs. ?67 kJ day?1 kg?1, respectively). CRF was similar in all three populations (?38 and ?43 mlO2��kg?1 min?1 in women and men, respectively), while habitual PAEE measures were generally highest in the Maasai and Kamba. About 59% of time was spent sedentary (I-BET151 cost per 10 years). Adjustment for hemoglobin did not materially change these associations. Physical activity levels among rural Kenyan adults are high, with highest levels observed in the Maasai and Kamba. The Kamba may be most resilient to age-related declines in physical activity. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. ? 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ""4048" "This study explores whether cardiovascular fitness levels and senescent decline are similar in the Tsimane of Bolivia and Canadians, as well as other subsistence and industrialized populations.