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Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed optimal IVD thresholds for detecting patients with RVEF INCB024360 manufacturer and 1-year mortality has steadily improved, leading to an increased focus on midterm and late-term complications. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the leading cause of late graft loss in children. The prevalence of disease increases steadily RhoC after transplantation from 5% at 2 years to 35% by 10 years according to multiple database analyses. Allograft vasculopathy is the end point of a complex interaction of stimuli including chronic rejection, endothelial dysfunction, infection, and traditional cardiac risk factors. While an increased understanding of risks associated to CAV has led to more aggressive surveillance approaches, the rates of CAV remain high and outcomes after diagnosis of CAV are very poor with up to 50% of children suffering graft loss or death within 2 years of diagnosis. In an attempt to combat the development and progression of CAV, multiple medical and interventional strategies have been utilized. Pharmacologic approaches have focused on the use of various immunosuppressants and adjuvant medications to combat inflammation and immune mediated graft injury. While randomized controlled trials are rare in pediatric heart transplant cohorts, sufficient adult data have been developed in both controlled and observational trials to provide a framework for the prevention and management of patients with CAV. However, none of these interventions have been shown to be effective in significantly learn more prolonging graft survival and retransplantation remains the only reliable therapy for severe CAV. ""Combined heart�Clung transplantation remains as a treatment option for patients with cardiopulmonary failure. There is speculation that lung grafts protect the heart from developing graft vasculopathy after combined heart�Clung transplantation. This protective mechanism is more likely, at best, a delay in the onset of coronary artery vasculopathy. We present our experiences in two cases of an aggressive form of cardiac allograft vasculopathy after combined heart�Clung transplantation that resulted in the death of both patients.