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A more extensive root aeration system combined with a more prominent ventilation system in the shoot would probably allow CIAT 26570 to grow more quickly under waterlogged conditions than the other accessions we tested. Evaluation of plants for their tolerance to waterlogging should also consider their ability to recover after the soil drains (Malik et al. 2002; Zhou 2010; Bramley et al. 2011; Striker 2012). For example, genotypes may selleck kinase inhibitor differ in their responses to waterlogging but their variation after subsequent drainage might be even more marked (e.g. cool-season grain legumes; Solaiman et al. 2007). Morpho-anatomical changes of the root might be beneficial for growth under waterlogging but may bring up limitations for growth under non-waterlogged conditions (McDonald et al. 2002). For example, reduced stele size was associated with smaller meta-xylem vessels in Alisma triviale, which in turn might be responsible for reduced hydraulic conductivity (Ryser et al. 2011). Furthermore, waterlogging significantly reduces root penetration, and thereby resumption of deep root growth may be of great importance for exploration of soil nutrients and water after the waterlogged soil has been drained (Thomson et al. 1992). In this sense, aspects of root function and growth after waterlogging, and whether tolerance of B. humidicola accessions during waterlogging translates into the ability to grow after subsequent soil drainage, should be UNC2881 taken into consideration in future studies. Sources of Funding This work was partially funded by Fontagro (USA) (project number: FTG-8060/08). Contributions by the Authors J.A.C. was involved in designing the experiments, data collection and check details analysis, manuscript preparation and submission. J.R. contributed to the set-up of experiments. J.C.J. and D.N. provided technical assistance during experiments. I.M.R. was involved in designing and supervision of experiments, manuscript preparation and submission. Conflicts of Interest Statement None declared. Supporting Information The following Supporting Information is available in the online version of this article �C File 1. Table. Changes in leaf greenness (SPAD units) of 12 B. humidicola accessions (plus three checks: B. brizantha, B. ruziziensis and B. hybrid) grown under drained or waterlogged soil for 21 days. Data shown are means of six replicates �� SD. An asterisk represents significant differences between treatments for each genotype (statistical significance at the *0.05, **0.01 and ***0.001 probability levels). All accessions showed a decrease in SPAD values under both treatments when compared with initial values (P