Fraudulence, Deceptions Combined With Complete Untruths Regarding Liraglutide

At the end of the operation, according to the randomization sheet sequence, 20 mL of one of three intra-articular solutions of study prepared by an anesthesiologist in an unlabeled syringe, was slowly injected in patients�� knee joint through arthroscope by the surgeon blinded to the type of medication. These solutions either contained 20 mL bupivacaine see more 0.5% in B group, 100 mg meperidine (diluted in normal saline) in M group or bupivacaine 0.5% along with 100 mg meperidine in BM group. Then patients were transferred to recovery room then to ward if no complication occurred over one-hour care. Following complete consciousness and in arrival to the ward, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) of fentanyl was set and patients were educated to use that by their nurse. The PCA pump adjusted for bolus dose of 20 ��g and lockout period of 15 minutes. The PCA device would be disconnected after 24 hours of the operation. Postoperative pain was assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from zero (no pain) to 100 (worst imaginable pain) introduced to patients before the surgery. Duration of postoperative analgesia, VAS at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours, the first analgesic requirement time, total fentanyl consumption during the first 24 hours, overall patients�� satisfaction and adverse effects (respiratory depression, cardiovascular collapse, pruritus, resistant nausea or vomiting) were recorded by an anesthesiologist in acute pain service (APS) who was blinded find more in the study. Duration of postoperative analgesia was considered as the time after the operation that VAS remained less than 30. Patient presented their satisfaction level about early postoperative pain, objectively as non-, poor, moderate and excellent satisfaction at 24 hours after the operation. Data was recorded in special designed questionnaire. 3.1. Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed by computerized statistical software (SPSS, version 12; SPSS, Chicago, Ill). To ensure the normal distribution of quantitative variables, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was Oxymatrine performed first. Then one-way ANOVA test was applied for variables distributed normally, and if there was a significant difference, Tukey��s test was implemented to find out the differences between the two groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for variables that did not distribute normally, and in case of significant difference, Mann-Whitney U-test was used to realize the differences between the two groups. Data were presented as means (SEM). The ��2 test or Fisher��s exact test was applied for analyzing qualitative variables. P value