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For example, indicine cattle are better adapted to warm climates and demonstrate superior resistance to tick infestation than do taurine breeds.47 Likewise, beef and dairy cattle breeds display distinct patterns in selected metabolic pathways related to muscling, marbling, and milk composition traits. Although cattle genome evolution and demographic history have been explored from multiple aspects, the diversity and population genetic properties of CNV in cattle are still unexplored. In this study, we compare the diversity and population-genetic properties of CNVs in ?70 cattle individuals sequenced to medium coverage (mean ?11.8��). The data set includes multiple individuals I-BET-762 molecular weight from eight representative cattle breeds, representing both the major taurine and indicine breeds used for both dairy and beef purposes. It provides unprecedented genome-wide resolution to interrogate CNV and a unique opportunity to fully explore the population-genetic properties and evolutionary contributions of multicopy genes related to breed-specific traits. 2.?Materials and methods 2.1. CNV calling, distribution, and association with other genomic features We used a previously described segmentation algorithm to call CNVs.16,48 Detailed sample selection and CNV calling methods can be found in Supplementary Material online. Association between CNVs and SDs was tested by Spearman's rank correlation using 100 kb windows as previously learn more described.49 Additional genomic features were obtained from public databases. Determination of the overlap between CNVRs and genomic features was performed as previously described.10 2.2. Population-genetic analyses and heatmap analysis Inbreeding is diglyceride a common feature in livestock due to selective mating and widespread use of artificial insemination. We filtered our samples based on known pedigrees constraining Wright's coefficient of relationship (r) to