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Pulmonary amyloidosis secondary to Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is rare, and there is a paucity of data on its clinical and radiological features. We describe the case of a 41-year-old woman with diffuse septal pulmonary AL (��) amyloidosis related to SS, in the absence of systemic amyloidosis. A systematic search for pulmonary amyloidosis in SS yielded 37 cases. Amyloidosis occured almost exclusively in women (96.5%). Cough and dyspnoea (56%) were the most common symptoms. CYTH4 The diagnosis of pulmonary amyloidosis was made subsequent to that of SS, with a median delay of 7?years. Radiologically, diffuse nodules with (45.5%) or without (33.3%) multiple cysts were the most common pattern. Most cases were related to nodular AL amyloidosis (both �� and ��). Diffuse septal AA amyloidosis has been reported in SS. The index patient is the first documented case of diffuse septal pulmonary AL amyloidosis in SS, without systemic amyloidosis. Surgical lung biopsy (78%) is usually required to establish the diagnosis and rule out lymphoma. There is no data Metformin supplier to support any definitive therapeutic intervention for SS-related pulmonary amyloidosis. Observation is sufficient for nodular amyloidosis. Further studies are necessary to assess the efficacy of current therapies in diffuse septal amyloidosis secondary to SS. ""4292" "RNA editing defines a molecular process by which a nucleotide sequence is modified in the RNA transcript and results in an amino acid change in the recoded message from that specified in the gene. We will restrict our attention to the type of RNA editing peculiar to mammals, i.e., nuclear C to U RNA editing. This category of RNA editing contrasts with RNA modifications described in plants, i.e., organellar RNA editing (reviewed in Ref 1). Mammalian RNA editing is genetically and biochemically classified into two groups, namely insertion-deletional and substitutional.2 Substitutional RNA editing is exclusive to mammals, again with two types reported, namely adenosine to inosine and cytosine to uracil (C to U).3, 4 This review will examine mammalian C to U RNA editing of apolipoproteinB (apoB) RNA and the role of the catalytic deaminase Apobec-1.5, 6 We will speculate on the functions of Apobec-1 beyond C to U RNA editing as implied from its ability ISRIB order to bind AU-rich RNAs and discuss evidence that dysregulation of Apobec-1 expression might be associated with carcinogenesis through aberrant RNA editing or altered RNA stability. Copyright ? 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. ""4293" "ZOSKY G1, PERKS K2, CLIFFORD H2 1University of Tasmania, 2Telethon Institute for Child Health Research Aims:?There are many communities around Australia that are exposed to high ambient concentrations of geogenic (earth derived) PM10 (
