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However, we present evidence that IVM may have comparable live birth rates and ongoing pregnancy rates if patients with PCOS are carefully selected (Table 4). Since the best way to treat PCOS in ART is to maximize pregnancy outcomes while minimizing the risk of OHSS, IVM is www.selleckchem.com/products/blu9931.html a safe and efficient alternative ART treatment if the patients are properly selected based on robust predictive factors, such as serum AMH levels. Although this was a retrospective study, we attempted to compensate for the practical limitations inherent to retrospective studies. Only the first cycles of IVM and conventional IVF in PCOS patients were included, and the largest cohort of patients with PCOS yet analyzed was included in this study. Nonetheless, this study underscores the relevance of well-designed randomized prospective studies in demonstrating the clinical significance of serum AMH levels as a guideline for choosing ART options for PCOS patients. In conclusion, serum AMH levels are a useful factor in predicting pregnancy outcomes for patients with PCOS before beginning IVM treatment. This study suggests that IVM may be an attractive ART option for PCOS patients if the patients are properly selected using robust predictive factors, such as serum AMH levels. Footnotes This work was supported in part by the following National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MEST): NRF-2012R1A2A2A01011274 and NRF-2015R1A2A2A01006714. Akt inhibitor Conflict of interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.""Prediction of individual ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropin is one of the most important strategies for successful and safe in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration is traditionally the most commonly used ovarian reserve test (ORT). A menstrual cycle day 3 serum FSH concentration >10�C20 IU/L indicates diminished ovarian function, which shows high specificity (80%�C100%) for the prediction of a poor response to ovarian stimulation but low sensitivity (10%�C30%) [1]; however, it is difficult to predict a high response. Anti-M��llerian hormone (AMH) is another serum marker that can be used as an ORT. The AMH level is associated with low oocyte retrieval and poor embryo quality, but this factor has low sensitivity and specificity Suplatast tosilate for predicting successful achievement of pregnancy [2,3,4,5]. Serum AMH level reflects the overall amount of granulosa cells in the follicular pool; thus, the AMH level is generally known to be proportional to the number of follicles. However, the serum AMH level depends on follicle size, granulosa cell volume or maturity, and intrafollicular environment, which are inconsistent among follicles and affected by individual genetic characteristics [6]. A previous study noted the presence of inter-test discrepancies that occurred as frequently as one in every five subjects when serum values of AMH