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e.m. The normal distribution was verified with the Kolmogorov�CSmirnov test. For temporally repeated data, the changes over time were determined using ANOVA for repeated measures when variables were normally distributed or Friedman's test for repeated measures when they were not. Time differences were identified using Tukey's multiple comparison test. The relations between variables were evaluated with simple linear regression. Significance was set at the 0.05 level. Table 1 shows the changes in arterial blood gases and arterial pH during the 50 min period of pure oxygen breathing. As indicated, no significant variations of or arterial pH were measured. MLN8237 molecular weight In parallel (Fig. 2), a significant increase in TBARS level began at the 10th minute of hyperoxia and then progressed throughout the hyperoxic session (maximal TBARS variation +0.71 �� 0.18 nmol ml?1; P C59 order Aldosterone and increased peak H reflex amplitude appeared at the 30th minute of hyperoxia, and the changes persisted 10 min (amplitude) and even 20 min (latency) after the inhalation of pure oxygen had stopped (Fig. 4). During hyperoxia, we measured a significant reduction of the TVR amplitude at the 30th minute of hyperoxia that persisted until the 50th minute of hyperoxia, and these TVR variations continued to be significant 10 min after hyperoxia had stopped (Fig. 5). No significant correlations were found between the magnitude of hyperoxia-induced TBARS increase and RAA decrease and the corresponding variations of CT, M-wave amplitude, H reflex latency and amplitude, or TVR changes. The present observations show that breathing pure oxygen in normobaric conditions shortened the neuromuscular conduction time and H reflex latency and increased both the M-wave and H reflex amplitudes. By contrast, the TVR amplitude decreased significantly during hyperoxia. The opposite variations of the H reflex and TVR persisted for 10�C20 min after the inhalation of pure oxygen had stopped. The present data confirm the neuromuscular hyperexcitability described in hyperbaric hyperoxia (Jammes et al. 2003), but the H reflex and TVR were not explored in our previous study. We confirmed the human data of Loiseaux-Meunier et al.