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Depending upon the immune status of the patient, it may be eradicated or multiply at the primary sites. If the CD4 counts are Enzalutamide molecular weight because the MICs for both isolates, from blood and stool, were the same. All three patients had fever which is an indicator of bacteraemia. With respect to nontuberculous mycobacteria, this aspect has been studied in detail in disseminated MAC disease, which characteristically occurs in patients with very advanced HIV disease and when peripheral blood CD4 T-lymphocyte counts fall below 100?cells/mm3. However, disseminated disease caused by M.?simiae has not been commonly reported in the literature. As is the case with infections caused by other nontuberculous mycobacteria, AIDS and presumably other immunodeficiencies are also risk factors for M.?simiae infection [10]. In another study performed at our center during 2002, blood samples from 71 out of 167 patients who tested positive for HIV were cultured for mycobacteria. Sixty-seven Venetoclax in vitro of these patients were clinically diagnosed as cases of pulmonary and/or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. MAC was isolated from blood of three patients (4.2%) and M.?simiae from another three. No Mycobacterium?tuberculosis was isolated from blood [12]. In these patients fever was also the common symptom. In the world literature, there are other reports of disseminated disease caused by M.?simiae [7�C10]. In Berlin, M.?simiae was recovered from one of 16 AIDS patients who suffered from nontuberculous mycobacterial infections [6]. Four HIV-infected patients from Thailand and Malawi who were infected with M.?simiae�CM.?avium group (SAV group) organisms have been described in the literature. These infections were detected during prospective blood culture studies of febrile, adult HIV-positive inpatients in these two countries [18]. Exposure to possible environmental sources of M.?simiae or to an animal or a person infected with M.?simiae may be a risk factor for infection [1]. Residence in a particular geographical location may Histone demethylase also be a risk factor for M.?simiae infection because isolation appears to be restricted to a few regions of the world. Isolation of M.?simiae from tap water samples in certain geographical areas has been reported [6]. The natural habitat of M.?simiae, and the mechanism of its transmission to animals and humans, are still not clearly identified. M.?simiae has been recovered from hospital water supplies [8,19,20], as well as from sphagnum vegetations of Madagascar [21]. In India however, M.
