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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by a Global Research Laboratory Grant (K21004000003-12A0500-00310) from the National Research Foundation of Korea and the Ulsan Unoprostone National Institute of Science and Technology Research Fund (2014M3A9D8034459). Footnotes CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.""Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a worldwide epidemic. It is estimated that 60% of the world's diabetic population is in Asia [1]. This rapid increase in the prevalence of T2DM in Asia has been fuelled by urbanization, economic growth and associated changes in diet and physical activity levels [2]. Specifically, in Korea, data derived from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey shows that T2DM prevalence has increased moderately over the last decade FGFR inhibitor from 7.7% in 2001 [3] to 10.2% in 2010 [4]. The most recent data report that the overall prevalence of diabetes in adults aged 30 years or older is 12.4% [5]. In general, Asian populations tend to develop diabetes at a younger age and at lower body mass index (BMI) levels than has been observed in Caucasian populations [1]. Recent research in Korea has, however, revealed differences between both gender and age groups: prevalence had decreased amongst women aged 30 to 59 years (6.9% in 2001 to 4.5% in 2010), but increased amongst males aged 60 years or more (15.9% in 2001 to 21.6% in 2010) [4]. A similar age-related trend is also reflected in data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, in which there were significant (PProtease Inhibitor Library sedentary lifestyle all increase diabetes risk [2]. Lifestyle modification (which incorporates diet, exercise, and education) remains the foundation of the current clinical guidelines. However, because lifestyle modification alone does not enable glycemic goals to be achieved or maintained in most patients, metformin monotherapy should be added at, or soon after, diagnosis, unless there are contraindications or intolerance. Ultimately the addition of a basal insulin either alone or in combination with other agents will be required to maintain glucose control [7]. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) plays an important role in monitoring and targeting glycemic control and is the gold standard index for follow-up of glycemic control.