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?aeruginosa, A.?baumannii or ESBL-producing GNB compared with patients without these bacteria. Although ICU mortality MK2206 was significantly higher in patients with MDR P.?aeruginosa compared with patients without MDR P.?aeruginosa, ICU mortality was similar in patients with and without A.?baumannii or ESBL-producing GNB (Tables?2 and 4). Several risk factors for ICU-acquired MDR P.?aeruginosa, A.?baumannii and ESBL-producing GNB were identified by univariate analyses, and are presented in Tables?1�C4. Independent risk factors for ICU-acquired P.?aeruginosa were prior occupant with MDR P.?aeruginosa, surgery and prior use of piperacillin/tazobactam. Independent risk factors for ICU-acquired A.?baumannii were prior occupant with A.?baumannii and mechanical ventilation. Independent risk factors for ICU-acquired ESBL-producing GNB were tracheostomy and sedation (Table?5). Time from ICU discharge of prior room occupants with MDR GNB to acquisition of these bacteria by subsequent patients was 5?��?2?days, 6?��?2?days and 20?��?16?days in patients with P.?aeruginosa, A.?baumannii and ESBL-producing GNB, respectively. Although this time interval was significantly (p?TRIB1 patients demonstrated that 56% of objects were correctly cleaned after ICU discharge. The most frequently incorrectly cleaned objects included room door knobs (45%), monitor screens (27%) and bedside tables (16%). To determine the impact of colonization compared with infection on acquisition of MDR GNB by the next room occupant, we repeated all univariate and multivariate analyses in the subgroups of patients with Ibrutinib supplier colonization and infection. Similar results were found suggesting that the risk of acquiring MDR GNB did not differ according to the presence of colonization compared with infection in the prior room occupant (data not shown). The main results of our study are that admission to an ICU room previously occupied by a carrier of MDR P.?aeruginosa or A.?baumannii is an independent risk factor for acquisition of these bacteria by subsequent room occupants. However, this relationship was not identified for ESBL-producing GNB. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to identify prior room occupant with MDR P.?aeruginosa or A.?baumannii as an independent risk factor for subsequent room occupants to acquire these bacteria. Previous studies found similar results with regard to MRSA, VRE and Clostridium difficile [9,10,15,16].