The bar graph compares the densities of mRNA bands in each group expressed as a fold-change from levels in control mice which is represented by a line at 1-fold

The bar graph compares the densities of mRNA bands in every group expressed as a fold-modify from Furthermore, the use of the mitochondrial targeted antioxidant Mito-Tempo significantly diminished adipocyte differentiation amounts in control mice which is represented by a line at one-fold. diabetes).counteracts the diabetes-induced decrease in the phosphorylation of mTOR or p70S6, thereby potentially increasing protein synthesis.Phosphorylation of Akt is important for muscle growth. Phosphorylation of FoxO is critical for prohibiting pro-catabolic functions of FoxO [18]. We assayed phosphorylation of these two proteins in all groups of mice (Fig 6). The phosphorylation of Akt was increased 1.6-fold in control muscle and 2.0-fold in diabetic muscle by Acu-LFES treatment over those of diabetic mice that were not treated with Acu-LFES. The Thr32 phosphorylation of FoxO1 was increased 1.9-fold in Acu-LFES--treated non-diabetic mice and 1.8- fold in Acu-LFES--treated Fig 3. Acu-LFES counteracts diabetes-induced decrease of muscle regeneration proteins. Muscle proteins lysates were prepared from combined gastrocnemius and EDL muscles from control, Acu-LFES, diabetes or diabetes/Acu-LFES mice. Muscle regeneration related proteins (Pax7, myoD, myogenin, eMyHC) and GAPDH were measured by western blotting. The bar graph compares the protein band densities in each treatment group expressed as a fold-change from levels in control mice (represented by a line at 1-fold). All band densities were normalized to the density of GAPDH (Bars: mean s.e. n = 12/group = p