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5 g/kg/day), gentamicin+calcium (1.0 g/kg/day), and gentamicin+verapamil (7 mg/kg/day) on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urinary proteins, and kidney SOD in rabbits Histopathological effects The histopathological picture of animals in group I, III, and IV revealed normal architecture of glomeruli and mesangium. Basement [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd9291.html AZD9291 order] membrane of the tubules was found to be intact. However, animals in group II (gentamicin only) showed numerous patches of focal and diffuse necrosis of tubular cells. Basement membrane breaks were found in tubule sections. Glomerular changes of grade 4 were seen with occasional infiltration. [Table 3] The renal histopathology picture in group V (calcium 0.5 g/kg/day) revealed normal architecture of glomeruli and mesangium with few areas of focal necrosis while group VI (calcium 1.0 g/kg/day) revealed normal architecture of glomeruli and mesangium. Basement membrane of the tubules was found to be intact in both groups [Table 4]. However, the animals in group VII (gentamicin + verapamil) showed patches of focal and diffuse necrosis of tubular cells. Basement membrane breaks were found in tubule sections. Glomerular changes of grade 4 were seen with occasional infiltration [Table 5]. Table 3 Effect of normal saline, gentamicin, calcium, and verapamil on histopathology in rabbit kidney Table 4 Effect of gentamicin, gentamicin+calcium [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/carfilzomib-pr-171.html PR-171 concentration] (0.5 g/kg/day), gentamicin+calcium (1.0 g/kg/day) and gentamicin+verapamil (7 mg/kg/day) on histopathology in rabbit kidney Table 5 Effect of normal saline, gentamicin, calcium, and verapamil on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urinary proteins, and kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rats Rats Effect on BUN, serum creatinine, urinary proteins, and kidney SOD The levels of BUN, serum creatinine, urinary proteins, and kidney SOD were compared between the seven groups on day 7 after 6 days of consecutive treatment with respective drugs in a manner similar to those in rabbits. The baseline values were similar in all groups on day 0. The results were identical to results obtained in rabbits with group II (gentamicin only) showing a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YES1 YES1] significant elevation (P