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Comparisons between cardiac function measurements postmyocardial ischaemia versus baseline were performed by Student's paired t test. Table 1 shows in vivo measurement of heart rate and mean arterial pressure during application of the remote ischaemic preconditioning stimulus. There were no significant differences in the baseline values during the different interventions among groups. As expected, in the vagal stimulation group, there was a significant reduction of heart rate from 267 �� 15 to 223 �� 8 beats min?1 (P [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/s-gsk1349572.html Dolutegravir in vitro] and there were no changes in mean arterial pressure. When the pre-ischaemic vagal stimulation (10 min) was performed at constant heart rate we did not observe changes in blood pressure (data not shown). Interestingly, the rIPC also significantly reduced the heart rate, an effect that was reversed with the vagal section (Table 1). These results provide evidence for an increase [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDK9 CDK9] in vagal tone in the group subjected to rIPC. It is important to mention that this effect was detected in the presence of pentobarbital as an anaesthetic agent, even though this drug has the ability to inhibit parasympathetic efferent activity. Figure 2 illustrates the infarct size after 30 min of global no-flow ischaemia and 180 min of reperfusion expressed as a percentage of the total left ventricular area. An infarct size of 40.8 �� 3.1% was obtained in the non-rIPC group, whereas in rIPC group the infarct size decreased to 16.4 �� 3.5% (P  53.1 �� 5.8 mmHg (P [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/obeticholic-acid.html Obeticholic Acid datasheet] The rIPC-induced improvement in systolic cardiac function (LVDP) was still observed after sectioning the femoral and sciatic nerves; however, sectioning of the spinal cord significantly attenuated the beneficial effect of rIPC, with LVDP reaching a value of 39.6 �� 12.1 mmHg at 30 min of reperfusion. In the non-rIPC group, the LVEDP increased to 75.8 �� 4.8 mmHg at 30 min of reperfusion. Remote ischaemic preconditioning attenuated the increase of LVEDP, which reached a value of 32.4 �� 6.2 mmHg at 30 min of reperfusion (P