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The expected segregation of the backcross of the RS (heterozygous) to the S (homozygous susceptible) strain for monogenic Mendelian inheritance was calculated using the formula [37] xBC=12a1RS+12a1S, (2) where x is expected response of the backcross at a particular dose and a1 and a2 are observed responses of RS and S populations at that dose. In this instance, at the diagnostic dose, a 50% survival is expected in the backcrosses, since the mortality of all susceptible individuals (S) would leave behind 50% heterozygotes in the progeny. Accordingly, 50% survival is observed in the crosses 5, 6, 7, and 8 with slight deviations which are nonsignificant at P [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/pci-32765.html Ibrutinib chemical structure] formula [37] xF2=14a1R+12a2RS+14a3S, (3) where x is the expected response of F2 for a particular dose and a1, a2, and a3 are the observed responses of the resistant (R), the hybrid (RS), and susceptible (S) populations to that dose. In the F2 generation, the expected outcome is 50% susceptible/resistance. The observed [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/abt-199.html Venetoclax mouse] resistance in both the F2 crosses (9 and 10) displayed slight deviations from the expected 50%, with no significance at P [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMP23B MMP23B] leaving behind RS individuals (Figure 3). Figure 3 Dosage-mortality relationships of the TR and TS strains of Aedes aegypti showing break/inflection points on d-m lines of F2 and backcrosses. The F2 line showed two inflection points at 0.008?mg/L and 0.03?mg/L, indicating the cessation ... 4. Discussion The present investigation reveals the mode of inheritance of temephos resistance in Ae. aegypti. The d-m responses of the parental strains were characterized by straight lines, indicating the homogenous nature for resistance and susceptibility. The F1 offspring also displayed a straight d-m line, confirming homozygosity of the resistance and susceptible genes involved [38]. The d-m line for F1 was found in the middle of that of the resistant and susceptible strains clearly demonstrating a heterozygous nature of temephos resistance in F1. Additionally, the calculated value for the degree of dominance (D) also suggests an incompletely dominant pattern of inheritance for resistance to temephos.