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The good or bad evolution of congenital malformations is impossible to predict. CONCLUSION It appears that congenital pulmonary malformations identified pre-natally are [http://www.selleckchem.com/screening/protease-inhibitor-library.html find more] often less symptomatic, and an early thoracoscopic surgery is indicated, with few pre �� and post-operative complications, limited chest deformation during growth and limited impact on pulmonary growth and low parental anxiety. In contrast, in adults, the practice of thoracoscopy is still developing, and thoracotomy is more often used, mainly after severe complications. Surgery is only for symptomatic malformations or if cancer is suspected. It is not possible to predict the evolution of this malformation, but the risk of cancer cannot be eliminated. Resuming, it seems legitimate to propose an early thoracoscopic resection between 4 and 6 months of life for pulmonary malformation discovered pre-natally. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thanks to Professor De Lagausie for his encouragement and advice. Thanks to Adjunct Professor James Carson for his assistance. Footnotes Source of Support: Nil Conflict of Interest: None declared.""Conventional thyroid surgery has gained such a high standard in terms of mortality and morbidity [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/bgj398-nvp-bgj398.html buy BGJ398] to let the attention focus on additional outcomes of cosmetics and functionality, thanks to minimally invasive approach. The first reported case of minimally invasive thyroid surgery was published in 1997;[1] Since then the procedure has been widely accepted as several studies demonstrated its advantages: Shorter hospital stay, reduced post-operative pain and improved cosmetic results. Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) is a specialised procedure. It requires a well-experienced surgeon and suitable surgical skills, which [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unoprostone Unoprostone] evolve from appropriate training. We reviewed the data of the beginning of our experience with minimally invasive thyroid surgery and selected our first series of 36 video-assisted procedures (surgical results, conversion rate, operating time, post-operative complications, hospital stay and cosmetic outcomes) to analyse some aspects of the learning curve we dealt with when we introduced this technique in our practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS Over a period of 8 months, among the patients who referred to our tertiary university hospital, we selected 36 patients for minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery: 29 females (85.5%) and seven males (14.5%) with a mean age of 50.4 years (range: 28-72 years). We used the following inclusion criteria:[2] Age ��18 years old; Total thyroid volume