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With regard to antifungal treatment, we found that the cases were less likely to have received treatment (64.4% vs. 79%; p?0.03). In 14 of the 21 untreated cases, antifungal therapy was not started because the patient died before or on the day when blood cultures became positive, or because the prognosis was extremely poor. In-hospital mortality was higher among patients with C.?tropicalis fungaemia than among controls (61% vs. 44%; p?0.03), and related mortality rates were similar between the [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-06463922.html PF-06463922 clinical trial] groups (30.5% vs. 29.4%; p?0.87). The median time to death was 9?days (range, 0�C74?days) among patients with C.?tropicalis fungaemia vs. 10?days (range, 0�C140?days) among those with fungaemia caused by other species (p?0.56). The overall mortality rates at 15 and 30?days after the diagnosis of candidaemia were 64% and 80.6% among patients with C.?tropicalis fungaemia vs. 68% and 84.6% among those [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Bafilomycin-A1.html Bafilomycin A1] with fungaemia caused by other species (p?0.6). The multivariate analysis revealed that the factors independently associated with C.?tropicalis fungaemia were cancer (OR?4.5; 95%?CI,?1.05�C3.83; p?0.03) and the abdomen as the portal of entry (OR?13.6; 95%?CI?1.9�C8.2; p?[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMO5 FMO5] fungaemia, we compared survivors with non-survivors. The univariate analysis showed that neutropenia (19% vs. 0%; p?0.03), corticosteroid treatment (36% vs. 13%; p?0.07) and septic shock (50% vs. 17.4%; p?0.01) were more common among non-survivors (Table?5), whereas HIV infection (0% vs. 13%; p?0.05), IVDA (0% vs. 17.4%; p?0.01), the urinary tract as the portal of entry (5.6% vs. 21.7%; p?0.09) and venous catheter removal (28% vs. 65%; p?0.007) were associated with a lower mortality rate. In the multivariate analysis, corticosteroid treatment (OR?8.2; 95% CI?1.1�C61.9; p?0.04) and septic shock (OR?14.6; 95%?CI?2.4�C90.2; p?0.004) proved to be independent risk factors for death. The urinary tract as the portal of entry (OR?0.07, 95% CI?